Eyelid Agenesis in Kittens

Kristin Fischer, DVM, DACVO

Did you know that some kittens are born without the outer corners of their upper eyelids?

This congenital condition is a birth defect called eyelid agenesis, and in these cases, the upper eyelids never develop properly in utero (before birth).

Affected kittens are born without the outermost one to two thirds of their upper eyelid. This can create several problems including inability to blink properly, and irritation from hair on the upper periocular skin (surrounding the eye) as it often contacts the ocular surface. If an animal cannot properly blink, the eye is at risk for exposure related damage and injury. If the non-haired, smooth eyelid margin is absent, the normal hair from the upper eyelid skin can touch the corneal surface and cause inflammation, irritation, and ulceration or abrasions on the surface of the eye. Some cats with eyelid agenesis are also born with significant dry eye disease, since a major tear producing gland and associated ducts that provide lubrication to the eye are in the same area, and may also not develop properly.

This condition can sometimes be associated with other congenital ocular defects, and evaluation by a veterinary ophthalmologist may be recommended.

Fortunately, many kittens seem to be minimally affected, and do not require treatment. Lubricating the eyes with an artificial tear gel may be helpful in providing comfort and protection for the eyes.

In some kittens, the absence of the upper eyelid can cause significant pain, and in some cases, lead to blinding scar tissue, or corneal ulceration. In kittens with significant irritation or damage to the ocular surface, surgical intervention to either remove the irritating hairs, or re-create a lid margin is often necessary. Many surgical procedures have been developed to successfully address this condition. A veterinary ophthalmologist can make recommendations for the best procedure for your kitten if surgery is needed.