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Keratoconjunctivitis
sicca (otherwise known as KCS or "Dry eye syndrome") results
from insufficient tear production. The cause of dry eye is often unknown
but some known causes include: congenital disorders, infections (canine
distemper virus), drug-induced (sulfa antibiotics, Etogesic), removal of
the lacrimal gland of the third eyelid ("cherry eye"), and
hypothyroidism. The disease is seen commonly in certain breeds such as the
Cocker Spaniel, Shih Tzu, Lhasa Apso, Bulldog, Schnauzer, and West
Highland White Terrier.
The clinical signs of dry eye include: heavy mucus production, redness,
rubbing at eyes, cloudy eyes, corneal ulcers, and even general lethargy.
After an extended period of dryness, the surface of the eye (cornea)
begins to develop pigmentation and blood vessels, often causing diminished
vision.
Treatment goals for dry eye include stimulation of
tears, lubrication, and decreasing the scar tissue. In the last few years,
the use of Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus has made an incredible difference
in the successful treatment of KCS. New lubricants have also helped in
keeping the patient comfortable. Often the renewed tear production is
dependent on the presence of the medications, so once a medical treatment
plan is started, it is important to continue the medications as directed,
and crucial that you have your dog checked as directed to monitor
treatment success.
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